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The town of Balaklava (population 1827, postcode 5461) is located in South Australia, 92 kilometres north of Adelaide in the Mid North region. It is on the banks of the Wakefield River, 25 kilometres east of Port Wakefield. ==History== Since prehistoric times the Balaklava district has been near the boundaries of the Kaurna and Peramangk peoples. The first Europeans to traverse the district were John Hill and Thomas Burr on 29 April 1840.〔''Register'' newspaper, 9 May 1840, page 5. 〕 They discovered Diamond Lake and encamped near Owen. The first European settlers in the area were James and Mary Dunn who in 1850 opened a hotel to service bullock teamsters carting copper ore upon the Gulf Road between the Burra mine and the export port of Port Wakefield. The Gulf Road copper ore traffic came to a sudden end when a railway connected Burra and Gawler, the teamster's loads being replaced by a flow of pastoral produce to the port, mainly wool and grain. The town was laid out by Charles Fisher in 1869 and named it after the Battle of Balaklava.〔(Manning Index of South Australian History )〕 He built large grain stores on the tramway from Hoyleton to the port at Port Wakefield, intending to encourage farmers to settle near the town. The first Hotel erected in the new township of Balaklava was the Balaklava Hotel, later called the Royal. Thomas Saint borrowed the finances from Thomas James Manton and applied for the Hotel Keepers Licence on 17 November 1870 and was granted licence No.17 of 1871 on 04 April 1871. Balaklava was first on the narrow gauge Port Wakefield railway line which was an isolated horse-drawn tramway inland through Balaklava to Hoyleton. This was eventually taken over by South Australian Railways and converted to steam, as well as being extended at both ends. Balaklava was later considered to be on the Gladstone railway line, with a junction to Port Wakefield. The line to Balaklava from Hamley Bridge (connecting to Adelaide) opened in 1878. It was converted to broad gauge in 1927 and still existed as far as Balaklava up to 2002.〔''Horse and Steam, Wheat and Copper'' Callaghan, W.H. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, January;February, 2002 pp9-27;46-63〕 The last freight on the line was bulk grain in 2004. As the Balaklava railway station was originally on the Port Wakefield to Hoyleton line, before the railway from Hamley Bridge was built, and that line entered the town from the southeast, trains travelling using the route between Gladstone and Adelaide needed to change direction at Balaklava, as both the north and south lines entered the station from the east, with Port Wakefield being to the west. The name of the town was originally spelled ''Balaclava''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Balaklava, South Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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